REFEREED PUBLICATIONS  

Environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance of firms in the era of geopolitical conflicts

Publication date: 2024/2/1

Journal: Journal of Environmental Management

Volume: 351

JEL classification: Q50 A13 G34 E44 H56 N41 H81

 Abstract

Do geopolitical conflicts matter for the environmental, social, governance (ESG) and overall ESG performance of firms? We answer this question by studying the impact of geopolitical conflict of a country on the ESG performance, separately and collectively, of firms of that country. We use data from Refinitiv and UCDP/PRIO (Uppsala Conflict Data Program/International Peace Research Institute, Oslo) databases for the period from 2002 to 2021 for 79 countries and we use fixed effects regression as our main methodology. We find that if a country is in a geopolitical conflict, their firms are impacted in the form of lower E, S and G performance and overall ESG performance, with stronger effects for developed countries. This comes on top of the direct costs of geopolitical conflicts. Our results are robust to country, year and firm fixed effects as well as robust to endogeneity as we use Lewbel (2012) estimator to eliminate any chances of endogeneity. We provide first evidence on this topic and it has geopolitical and socioeconomical implications.

Syndicated loans: mapping the trends, sources and intellectual evolution

Publication date: 2024/2/1

Journal: Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting

Pages: 1-24

JEL Classification G21 · D24 · N20

Abstract

This study conducts a citation-based comprehensive systematic literature review (SLR) of the syndicated loan market by identifying and recognizing the sources of knowledge-producing leading articles, journals and authors in this area. In total, we present a citation analysis of 374 articles from the Scopus database using a comprehensive list of keyword searches. We find that the importance of research using syndicated loan data has increased after the global financial crisis (GFC). It is perhaps due to the reason that the GFC was mainly a credit crisis that sparked the interest of research in this area. We identify the Journal of Financial Economics as the leading journal in terms of citation and the Journal of Banking and Finance in terms of publication count. Victoria Ivashina comes out as the leading author in terms of the citation count and Anthony Saunders in terms of publication count. We also perform a content analysis of the top 100 most cited papers and identify data characteristics, major themes, estimation techniques and empirical approaches. Our SLR provides a macro picture of research on syndicated loan studies. Finally, we provide an overview of the direction for future research.